Advanced machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy. Electron beam machining definition electron beam machining ebm is a process where high velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece. In the electron beam machining process, a high velocity focused beam of electrons are used to remove the metal from the workpiece. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work producing intense heating. Lecture 17 electron beam machining ebm edit lesson. Otherwise the electrons would interact with the air molecules, thus they would loose their. Lecture 17 electron beam machining ebm edit lesson digimat. Further, the beam needs to be manoeuvred if required by the gun. It uses a focused electron beam in a vacuum environment to create a molten pool on a metallic substrate. Lecture notes on modern manufacturing process dr pramod. In addition to making eb and laser welding equipment, ptr assists customers with weld process development and provides maintenance and spares support for electron beam welding systems.
Laser beam machining lbm is a thermal energy based advanced machining process in which the material is removed by i melting, ii vaporization, and iii chemical degradation chemical bonds are broken which causes the materials to degrade. The ebm technique is used for cutting fine holes and slots in any material. Define advantage and disadvantage of electron beam machining. About 5% of these are metal coating machinery, 1% are spot welders, and 1% are laser welders. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. In electro chemical machining an electrolyte acts as a current carrier.
Electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. A pulsating stream of highspeed electrons produced by a generator is focused by electrostatic and electromagnetic fields to concentrate energy on a very small area of work. Electronbeam machining ebm is a process where highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Electron beam gun generates free electrons at the cathode, accelerate them to a. This is a mixture of free electrons, positively charged ions, and neutral atoms. Advanced casting processes metal mould casting continuous casting squeeze casting vacuum mould casting evaporative pattern casting ceramic shell casting 6 3. Electron beam machining basic terms and working duration. The production of free electrons negatively charged particles are obtained by electron gun. The process of metal removal by electro chemical dissolution was known as long back as 1780 ad but it is only over the last couple of decades that this method has been used to advantage. Electron beam melting ebm is a metal additive manufacturing technology that uses an electron beam to melt layers of metal powder. This process is used in many applications, including drilling, cutting, annealing, and welding. Laser jet machining ljm electron beam machining ebm 4. Advanced machining processes video course course outline there is a need for machine tools and processes which can accurately and easily machine the most difficulttomachine materials and workpieces with intricate and accurate shapes.
Jan 06, 2015 electron beam machining equipment the basic functions of any electron beam gun are to generate free electrons at the cathode, accelerate them to a sufficiently high velocity and to focus them over a small spot size. Function is to generate, shape and deflect the electron beam to drill or machine the workpiece. These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. The applications of the electron beam machining technology. This book is written to serve the needs of under graduate students embarking introductory course in welding technology. Electronbeam freeform fabrication ebf 3 is an additive manufacturing process that builds nearnetshape parts requiring less raw material and finish machining than traditional manufacturing methods. Laser beam machining is a thermal machining process which uses laser beam to produce heat. The applications of the electron beam machining technology in. Electron beam machining electron cathode free 30day. Water jet machining working principle, advantages and. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Electron beam machining free download as powerpoint presentation. Ainin sofiya anis balkis nadiatul hafiz muhamad ariffin 2. Electron beam freeform fabrication ebf 3 is an additive manufacturing process that builds nearnetshape parts requiring less raw material and finish machining than traditional manufacturing methods.
Define advantage and disadvantage of electron beam. It yields low scrap, almost automatic operation, low overall machining time, and reduced inventory expenses. Material removal processes machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s. The basic functions of any electron beam gun are to generate free.
Laser beam machining is a thermal energybased advanced machining process in which material is removed by focusing the laser beam on the work surface at a constant distance to melt and vaporize. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Ebm can be used for very precise cutting or boring of a wide variety of metals. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and disadvantages. Material removal processes machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes. It deals with the latest machining processes named as. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and. Principles, equipment, operations, applications, advantages and. Ppt laser beam machining lbm powerpoint presentation. Sundaravalli, suchitra publications the book welding technology for engineering and technology studies.
In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy. Electron beam machining ebm and laser beam machining lbm are. Nontraditional and hybrid machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy book is a good reference for both nontraditional and hybrid machining processes. Electron beam machining ebm kcg college of technology. Electron beam, plasma beam and ion beam machining youtube.
Electron beam technology is used worldwide with an increasing tendency. Today we will learn about laser beam machining principle, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Electrochemical machining ecm electro discharge machining edm electron beam machining ebm laser beam machining lbm processes 2. The cathode is generally made of tungsten or tantalum. Nptel syllabus advanced machining processes video course course outline this course on advanced machining processes is also known as unconventional machining processes, modern machining processes, and new technology. Lecture series on manufacturing processes ii by prof. A detailed notes on electron beam machining process, and surely helps you. Electron beam machining ebm is a process where highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Machined surfaces are stress and burr free having good surface finish 5. Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. Advanced welding processes details of electron beam.
This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic sur. Electron beam machining equipment the basic functions of any electron beam gun are to generate free electrons at the cathode, accelerate them to a sufficiently high velocity and to focus. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for metal removal during the machining process. In this ebook you will find covering the both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining.
Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Capability of making very small holes and slots with high precision, in a short time in any material. Paul,department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. Water jet machining wjm also called water jet cutting, is a nontraditional machining process in which highvelocity jet of water is used to remove materials from the surface of the. Electron beam machining is a nonconventional machining process or nontraditional process. All aspects of mechanical, electrochemical and thermal processes are comprehensively covered. Laser beam can very easily be focused using optical lenses as their wavelength ranges from half micron to around 70 microns. Education is strength in this video we can learn electron beam machining and advantages of electron beam machining, applications of. Other articles where electronbeam machining is discussed. A wide variety of electron beam machine options are available to you, such as coating, substrate, and type. The electron beam polishing equipment technology is brought forward and its characteristic is explained because general processing method cant obtain preferable machining efficiency and product.
Electron beam machiningebm free download as powerpoint presentation. Chemical processes chemical milling chm photochemical milling pcm need for unconventional machining processes extremely hard and brittle materials or difficult to machine material are difficult to machine by traditional machining processes. Through introduction of the principle and characteristics of electron beam machining technology, the application status and application instance of electron beam in research of materials science and materials processing in recent years were introduced in detail. There is no thermal damage and burr free surface can be produced. Singh, balbir singh modern machining processes presents unconventional machining methods which are gradually commercial. Mechanism of material removal in electron beam machining ii.
Even today, new applications are being developed and used industrially, especially where other beam processes reach their limits. Singh, balbir singh modern machining processes presents unconventional machining methods which are gradually commercial acceptance. In order to meet these challenges, a number of newer material. Electron beam machining is required to be carried out in vacuum. Mar 30, 2017 today we will learn about laser beam machining principle, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Oct 29, 2017 education is strength in this video we can learn electron beam machining and advantages of electron beam machining, applications of electron beam machining. Nptel mechanical engineering manufacturing processes ii. Through introduction of the principle and characteristics of electron beam machining technology, the application status and application instance of electron beam in research of materials science and. The electron beam as a tool is the business basis of all company units of global beam technologies ag. Absence of mechanical contact between work piece and tool. Ion beam machining is generally a surface finishing process in which the material removal takes place by sputtering of ions.
Electron beam welding process, applications and equipment. Electron beam gun provides high velocity electrons over a very small spot size. Mar 17, 2016 electron beam machining ebm is a thermal process. Electron beam machining ebm diagram, working, advantages. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work. This is a different process from electric discharge, electron beam, laser beam and plasma arc machining.
In laser beam machining, a laser beam is focussed onto the targetworkpiece sur face figure 11. Electron beam machining ebm is a thermal machining process in which highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are used for instantly heating, melting, or vaporizing the material. The electrolyte in ecm should have high electrical conductivity, low viscosity, high specific heat, chemical stability, resistance to form a passivating film on the workpiece surface, non. Ptr is an electron beam welding systems manufacturer and contract welding service provider on the leadingedge of electron beam and vacuum welding technology. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. Chemical processes chemical milling chm photochemical milling pcm need for unconventional machining processes.
Nternational sciences and ngineering ol o eptember finite. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Electrochemical machining ecm is a nontraditional machining process uses the principle of faraday to remove metal from the workpiece. Depending upon the intensity of heating the workpiece can melt and vaporize.
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